The Coastal Strategy for the Southeastern Coast of Bali describes the socioeconomic conditions, cultural setting and environmental aspects of Bali. It illustrates how the people value these assets, and what their perceived threats to these assets are. The strategy also presents a comprehensive environmental management framework with targeted outcomes and action programs involving the participation of stakeholders from government, nongovernment organizations, private sector and civil society groups.

The Coastal Strategy of Sihanoukville captures the people's vision or desired outcome for the coastal area of Sihanoukville, and, fundamentally, identifies the strategies and actions necessary for realizing this common vision. The Coastal Strategy recognizes the rich assets and enormous development potential of Sihanoukville and is aware of the threats, which if not addressed, could undermine these opportunities. One of the core focuses of the Coastal Strategy is to maximize socio-economic development opportunities, and build international recognition for Sihanoukville as a center for business and leisure. Preserving the unique and diverse natural and ecological heritage of Sihanoukville is of utmost importance, and it is recognized that for truly sustainable socio-economic development, the integrity of the natural environment must never be compromised.

The GEF/UNDP/IMO Regional Programme on Building Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA) identified Port Klang, which includes Klang and Kuala Langat districts as one of the six national demonstration sites in the region to develop and implement integrated coastal management (ICM) as a strategic environmental management framework in partnership with the national government and local stakeholders in the public and private sectors. This pioneering effort is in line with Agenda 21 of the Selangor State Government. The Memorandum of Agreement between the State Government of Selangor and PEMSEA for the implementation of this project was signed on 19 July 2001. The Selangor Waters Management Authority (Lembaga Urus Air Selangor or LUAS) has been designated by the State Government of Selangor to be the Project Management Office (PMO) for the ICM Project. This report presents the findings and outcome of the initial risk assessment (IRA) of Port Klang, Malaysia, which is one of the component activities of the Port Klang ICM Project. The assessment was undertaken by an inter-agency, multi-disciplinary Technical Working Group composed of experts and technical personnel from various government agencies and institutions involved in the Port Klang ICM Project. The IRA of Port Klang was started during the Training Course on Environmental Risk Assessment, held from 23–28 July 2001 at Burapha University in Chonburi, Thailand, and subsequently completed at the project site. Comments from various institutions were used to refine the initial drafts.

This study focuses on environmental infrastructure improvements for water, sewage, sanitation, industrial and agricultural waste management. Specifically, it aims to do the following: a) identify the key stakeholders in environmental infrastructure (EI) project development and financing; b) determine the relevant environmental infrastructure policies, strategies, priorities, programs/projects of key stakeholders; c) assess the existing capacities to develop and finance EI projects; and d) surface major barriers/constraints to the development, implementation and financing of EI projects.

The GEF/UNDP/IMO Regional Programme on Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA) commissioned the Global Environment & Technology Foundation to conduct a desktop review of current constraints regarding the provision of water and sewerage/sanitation services in East Asia, covering five countries namely: Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Philippines, and Vietnam. The review focused on four key components: 1) supply and demand situation in the water and sewerage/sanitation services; 2) institutional arrangements and structures; 3) funding sources and constraints; and 4) private sector participation.

The Bohai Sea Environmental Risk Assessment provides information on the rationale of the environmental risk assessment, the methodology developed and applied in the Bohai Sea initiative, the results of the work and recommendations for improving the risk assessment as a management tool in Bohai Sea. The Bohai Sea risk assessment was conducted in three stages. First, an initial risk assessment (IRA) was implemented as a screening mechanism for identifying priority environmental concerns on a sea-wide basis and the related data gaps and uncertainties. Second, the targets of interest were re-focused to human health, habitats and commercial and non-commercial marine species. In addition, the refined risk assessment was conducted at two levels. Risks to Bohai Sea as a whole were considered, in which the sea was treated as a single compartment and a single average exposure concentration was estimated. For selected contaminants, risks to the four parts of the Bohai Sea (Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay, Laizhou Bay and the central region) were estimated, by calculating local exposure concentrations in the vicinity of specific human activities or natural resources. And lastly, the final report verified the data for each step of the assessment and further tidied up the calculation and identification of the environmental concerns. Sources of uncertainties in the risk assessment for some contaminants were also identified.

The Coastal Strategy of Nampho City aims to develop and utilize land and coastal resources rationally as required by the Juche Idea and build the area into an enchanted socialist land better to live in by the people adhering to sustainable development practices based on the principle of conserving the environment. It also aims to manage and develop the coast in an integrated and comprehensive way, and at the same time protect the environment. It prescribes the development prospects in accordance with the principles and vision of integrated coastal management (ICM), by providing cooperative directions for the development and management of the coast to the stakeholders.

Environmental risk assessment estimates the likelihood of harm being done to identified targets as a result of factors emanating from human activity, but which reach the targets through the environment. This combines knowledge about the factors that bring about hazards, their levels in the environment, and the pathways to the targets. This initial risk assessment (IRA) of the Southeastern Coast of Bali was conducted as a preliminary step to the refined risk assessment. It provides a glimpse of environmental conditions in the area using available secondary data. It serves as a screening mechanism to identify priority environmental concerns in the area, identify data gaps and uncertainties and recommend areas for immediate management intervention or further assessment. It identifies contaminants that present acceptable risks and, hence, may not need further assessment, and highlights contaminants that present risks to the environment and/or to human health. It also identifies resources and habitats that are at risk and recognizes significant causes of risks. The results of the IRA will be used to formulate an action plan for a more comprehensive risk assessment that is focused on the identified priority areas of concern. Evaluating the results of the IRA will also facilitate improvement and refinement of the methods used.

This publication presents the results of the IRA, which was completed based on available scientific information on the marine and coastal resources and environment of Danang City. Priority environmental concerns for management actions were identified, including data gaps and uncertainties that need to be addressed through comprehensive environmental monitoring program. Recommendations were also drawn up focusing on the best management options that would address the identified risks. In this study, environmental risk assessment was carried out for Danang City's coastal zone which covers six districts: Hai Chau, Thanh Khe, Hoa Vang, Ngu Hanh Son, Lien Chieu and Son Tra, which include watersheds draining to Danang coastal zone from surface water areas such as lakes and rivers — headwaters of rivers from the mountains and hilly areas in Danang City. The contiguous boundaries of the coastal zone including Quang Nam province and Hue City were also assessed in this report.