One of the key issues facing governments throughout the East Asian Seas (EAS) region is the impact of climate change, variability and extremes, particularly in coastal areas. Manila Bay is no exception, with incidents of flooding, storm surges, saltwater intrusion and erosion occurring with increasing frequency or heightened intensity. Of special concern is the threat of sea level rise in the Bay area and its effects on infrastructure as well as social and economic development in the area. The Manila Declaration, which was signed by the Ministers and Senior Government Officials from the Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA) Partner Countries in December 2009, called for countries of the region to strengthen and accelerate the implementation of integrated coastal management (ICM) for sustainable development and climate change adaptation in coastal areas of the region. In Manila Bay, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) – River Basin Coordinating Office (RBCO), Coastal and Marine Management Office (CMMO) and Manila Bay Coordinating Office (MBCO), and PEMSEA have been working with local government units (LGUs) to scale up the implementation of ICM around the Bay’s coastline, building on the experience of ICM programs in the Provinces of Bataan and Cavite. One of the major thrusts of ICM development and implementation is the preparation of an integrated land and sea use plan. This calls for the conduct of coastal use zoning, which will serve as a guide in the preparation of a plan and regulatory system to allocate the appropriate zones and corresponding uses of the coastal and marine area. Coastal use zoning is based on the functional capability and suitability of coastal waters and land as to the desired uses, the development envisioned by the stakeholders, existing policies and ecological, cultural and traditional considerations. The zoning process is a socio-political matter requiring scientific and technical inputs, involving multi-sector participation and extensive consultation with concerned stakeholders in order to reach consensus on the various zones and their corresponding uses. A major gap in previous meetings and consultations concerning the sustainable development of Manila Bay is the lack of existing and projected impacts of climate change, variability and extremes on the area. Similarly, inputs to the development of integrated land and sea use plans by the local governments in Bataan and Cavite have been lacking guidance and information on changes that are expected to occur because of sea level rise, as well as other potential impacts of climate change (e.g., more intense rainfall or more intense storms). To address this gap, “macro-scale” land and sea use zones for Manila Bay will be prepared with a specific focus on the different scenarios for sea level rise, flooding and storm surges as a consequence of climate change, variability and extremes in the coastal areas over the next 50 years. This document will provide information on climate change, variability and extremes and sea level rise, as inputs to the coastal land and sea use planning and zoning along the Manila Bay area. The physical boundaries of the coastal area to which the Coastal Land and Water Use Plan applies is governed by the Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998 (Republic Act 8550).

In 2010, PEMSEA Country and Non-Country Partners agreed to undertake joint planning for the development of the SDS-SEA medium-term implementation plan. The Regional Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia (SDS-SEA) Implementation Plan for 2012-2016 (SDS-SEA Implementation Plan) provides the framework for planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating the work being undertaken by the PEMSEA Partners and the PEMSEA Resource Facility. It is a results-based, demand-driven plan of action that addresses global and regional issues, incorporates country priorities, and provides a structure for detailed work plans by the Partners, all within the framework of the SDS-SEA. The overall objective is to make PEMSEA's vision and aspirations for sustainable development a progressive reality through tangible and accountable actions, with an annual planning cycle that becomes an iterative process designed to fuel growth and stimulate continuous improvement at the local, national, subregional and regional levels. The SDS-SEA Implementation plan was adopted by eleven Countries of the East Asian Seas (EAS) region as part of the Changwon Declaration towards an Ocean-Based Blue Economy: Moving Ahead with the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia signed during the 4th Ministerial Forum in Changwon City, RO Korea on 12 July 2012 as part of the East Asian Seas Congress 2012.

The PSHEM Code specifies requirements for an effective port safety, health and environmental management system (PSHEMS) to enable an organization to develop and implement policy and objectives that take into account legal requirements and information about hazards associated with its activities, which have or can have significant risk or impact to safety, health and environment. The PSHEMS is intended to be integrated with other management requirements of the organization, thereby helping to achieve business and economic goals as well. The PSHEM Code is intended to apply to all types and sizes of ports. For this reason, the requirements are expressed in broad terms as guiding principles and objectives so that they can have widespread application. It is for this reason that the PSHEM Code does not state specific port safety, health and environmental protection criteria. The cornerstone of good safety, health and environmental management is commitment from the top management. Furthermore, in matters of accident and pollution prevention, it is the commitment, competence, attitude and motivation of all individuals, at all levels, in every organization that determines the end result.

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PEMSEA has intensified its transformation into a country and partner-owned self-sustaining and full-fledged international organization. At the same time, PEMSEA continued to work with the countries and ICM sites, as well as with other Non-Country Partners to implement the Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of East Asia (SDS-SEA). From 2010 to 2011, PEMSEA illustrated "Partnerships in Action" as it demanded stronger interaction and collaboration between the PEMSEA Resource Facility and the Executive Committee, the PEMSEA Partners, collaborators, and sponsors. This report presents a significant number of accomplishments over these past two years, including improvements in various activities with the local governments, as well as the conduct of the annual PEMSEA Network of Local Governments Forum and Regional Twinning Workshops on integrated river basin and coastal area management. This Report highlights the various collaborative activities and accomplishments of PEMSEA, covering the following: PEMSEA and the SDS-SEA: A Strategic Platform for Sustainable Development of the LMEs and Coasts of the EAS Region PEMSEA's Transformation Strengthening Joint Planning and Implementation SDS-SEA Implementation Enabling Capacities Advocacy Resource Mobilization Challenges

The Medium-size Project on the "Development and Implementation of Public-Private Partnerships in Environmental Investments" (MSP-PPP) sought to build confidence and capabilities in public-private sector partnerships as a viable means of financing and sustaining environmental facilities and services for pollution prevention and sustainable use of the marine and coastal resources of the East Asian Seas region. To ensure that both short-term and long-term targets and objectives are met, the MSP-PPP was strategically built within the larger framework for integrated coastal management (ICM). The MSP-PPP was initiated in 2004 and completed in 2009. The project was funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF), implemented by the United Nations Development Programme, and executed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) through the Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA). This terminal evaluation was commissioned to assess the overall performance, results, effectiveness, and impact of the project, draw lessons from the experiences in different sites, assess the sustainability of results achieved, and identify ways to further enhance future PPP initiatives. The evaluation is in accordance with the GEF Guidelines on conducting terminal evaluations. The evaluation entailed a combination of processes including desk review and assessment of technical and monitoring reports and other studies completed under the project, as well as a visit to one of the PPP project sites – Puerto Galera, Mindoro Oriental, Philippines, wherein interviews with the project implementers from both the public and private sectors were undertaken.

This report presents a number of important accomplishments of PEMSEA from 2008 to 2010 from activities related to: ICM development, implementation and scaling up; various capacity building efforts at the local, national and regional levels; building cooperation through twinning arrangements, public-private partnerships and promotion of corporate social responsibility; development of tools and mechanisms for monitoring and standardization of good practices; and laying out the plans for PEMSEA's transformation and sustainability.

Dongying joined GEF/UNDP/PEMSEA Project on the Implementation of the Sustainable Development Strategy of Seas of East Asia (SDS-SEA) as a parallel site to develop and implement integrated coastal management (ICM) programs as early as in 2005. Since then, ICM programs were developed, tested and implemented as means to achieve the goal of balancing economic development and environmental conservation and sustainable use of valuable marine resources. The State of Coast Reporting initiated by the GEF/UNDP/PEMSEA Project in both demonstration and parallel sites across East Asian Sea region serves as a timely opportunity for Dongying to monitor and evaluate the implementation of its ICM programs in a holistic way by examining both governance and sustainable development aspects of ICM programs. The exercise also takes note of the gaps to be filled by its future programs to enable adaptive management for assured on the ground impact of the ICM programs. A total of 32 context-specific indicators are selected focusing on both governance and sustainable development. In order for the assessment team to capture the trends of sustainable coastal development, data from 2005 to 2010 are collected, compared and analyzed to determine the results of ICM implementation as attached in a table. 12 indicators are used to assess coastal governance and 20 indicators are selected in sustainable development aspects. The assessment results of governance aspect appear positive except for the partly operationalized coordination mechanism. On sustainable development aspects, it is obvious that the social and economic sustainability has been greatly strengthened and resource sustainability has improved. As to the environmental safeguard capacity, the areas of natural wetlands, the areas of cleaner sea and level of investment by private sector have markedly declined. This report informs that the future ICM of Dongying should prioritize pollution mitigation, catalyzing environmental investment and rehabilitation of natural wetland through integrated river basin and coastal area management.

Prof. Michael Crawford, of the Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, United Kingdom, explains that fish and seafood provide docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an Omega-3 fatty acid that the brain needs to function efficiently. Prof. Crawford warns that the general lack of DHA in the current human diet could lead to mental health problems. This underscores the urgency of efforts to manage the world’s fisheries and maintain a healthy supply of this food. Lipids (fats) played a major, as yet unrecognized, role as determinants in evolution. Life originated 3 billion years ago. For the first 2.5 billion years of life, there was ample opportunity for DNA modification. Yet during that time there is no evidence of significant change in life forms. It was not until about 600 million years ago when the oxygen tension rose to a point where air breathing life forms became thermodynamically possible, that a major change is abruptly seen in the fossil records. The sudden appearance of the 32 phyla in the Cambrian fossil record was also associated with the appearance of intracellular detail not seen in previous life forms. That detail was provided by cell membranes made with lipids (membrane fats) as structural essentials. The compartmentalization of intracellular, specialist function as in the nucleus, mitochondria, reticulo-endothelial system and plasma membrane led to cellular specialization and then speciation. Thus not just oxygen but also the marine lipids were drivers in the Cambrian explosion. Docosahexaenoic acid (all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid, C22:6ω3 or C22:6,n-3, DHA) is a major feature of marine lipids. It requires six oxygen atoms to insert the six double bonds so it would not have been abundant before oxidative metabolism became plentiful. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) provided the membrane backbone for the emergence of new photoreceptors that converted photons into electricity laying the foundation for the evolution of other signaling systems, the nervous system and the brain. Hence the omega 3 DHA from the marine food web must have played a critical role in the evolution of vision and the brain. There is also clear evidence from molecular biology that DHA is a determinant of neuronal migration, neurogenesis and the expression of several genes involved in brain growth and function. That same process was essential to the ultimate cerebral expansion in human evolution. There is now incontrovertible support of this hypothesis from fossil evidence of human evolution taking advantage of the marine food web. Lipids are still modifying the present evolutionary phase of our species with their contribution to a changing panorama of non-communicable diseases. The most worrying change in disease pattern is the sharp rise in brain disorders which in the European Union has overtaken the cost of all other burdens of ill health at €386 billion for the 25 member states at 2004 prices, and in the UK, £77 billion in 2007 and £105 billion in 2010, a cost greater than heart disease and cancer combined. The rise in mental ill health is now being globalized. The solution to the rising vascular disorders last century and now brain disorders lies in a radical re-appraisal of the food system which last century was focused on protein and calories with little attention to the requirements of the brain. The development of marine agriculture from estuarine, coastal and oceanic resources in a way that mankind learnt to develop land resources 10,000 years ago, is likely to play a key role in this re-appraisal and in our future health and intelligence.

In its resolution 64/71, the United Nations General Assembly decided that the eleventh meeting of the United Nations Open-ended Informal Consultative Process on Oceans and the Law of the Sea (Consultative Process) would focus its discussions on capacity-building in ocean affairs and the law of the sea, including marine science. The present reporting material addresses this topic.